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All music theory really begins with an understanding of the major
scale. The major scales is used as a constant to with which other
elements are compared.
Below is an important tidbit of information before we get started.
All natural notes (A B C D E F G) are a whole step (2 frets)
apart, except between E-F and B-C which are a half step (1 fret)
apart.
A major scale is nothing more than a series of whole steps and
half steps. Writing the natural notes from C-C will create
a C major scale
The easiest way to remember the formula for a major
scale is this. There are 2 sets of
W W 1/2 separated by a W.
The W stands for whole step, and the 1/2 stands for half step.
W W 1/2 W
W W 1/2
This same pattern can be applied to any set of 8
consecutive notes. For example if the natural notes between G-G
were written, F would have to be raised a half step to F sharp
in order to create the formula needed to make a major scale.
In the next example the notes from F-F are written.
In this case the B would have to be lowered a half step to a B
flat in order to conform to the pattern.
As I have mentioned before the major scale is used as a constant
to with other elements are compared. For the purpose of comparison,
the degrees of the major scale a assigned numbers from 1 to 7.
These numbers are the function of the note within the scale.
Page 2, Things to do 
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